Tag Archives: Valentinian III

#459 – A History of the Catholic Church – Rome Sacked Again

The growing division between the Mono/Miaphysites and the Chalcedonians causes significant problems for the Eastern Empire, especially in Palestine and Egypt. In the West, Emperor Valentinian III is assassinated and Pope Leo I tries to keep the Vandals from destroying Rome.

Links:
Painting of Genseric sacking Rome by Bryullov.

Leo I’s letter to the monks of Palestine regarding his Tome

Chart showing the various Christological theologies and key representatives of each

Ernest Honigmann. “Juvenal of Jerusalem”. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. Vol. 5 (1950). pp. 209-279.

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#459 – A History of the Catholic Church – Rome Sacked Again

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#458 – A History of the Catholic Church – Leo and Attila

The conclusion of the Council of Chalcedon left the church divided – Rome vs. Constantinople and Chalcedonian vs. Miaphysite. These conflicts will influnce the future course of Christianity for the next three hundred years. We take a look at the Christological divisions after Chalcedon.

Links:
Painting of The Meeting between Leo the Great and Attila by Raphael.

Map of Roman Empire and Empire of the Huns in 450.

Salvian’s On the Government of God

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#458 – A History of the Catholic Church – Leo and Attila

#453 – A History of the Catholic Church – Latrocinium

At the Second Council of Ephesus, Pope Dioscorus of Alexandria and his One Nature Christology emerges triumphant. The Two-Nature Christology of the Antiochenes is condemned and Pope Leo I of Rome finds himself powerless to stop it.

Links:
Image of the martyrdom of Flavian of Constantinople from the “Little Pictorial Lives of the Saints” by John Gilmary Shea 1894 p. 121

Appeal of Flavian of Constantinople to Pope Leo
Letters of Leo to Theodosius II asking for new ecumenical council to overturn II Ephesus
Letter of Theodoret of Cyrus to Leo asking for his help
Letter of Galla Placidia to Theodosius II asking for new ecumenical council

Henry Chadwick, “The Exile and Death of Flavian of Constantinople: A Prologue to the Council of Chalcedon”, The Journal of Theological Studies, New Series, Vol 6, No. 1 (April 1955): 17-34.

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#453 – A History of the Catholic Church – Latrocinium

#447 – A History of the Catholic Church – The Tome of Proclus

In the West, Carthage falls under the Vandals and Pope Sixtus III tries to hold onto control of his territory. In the East, the conflict between Alexandria and Antioch heats up again as Cyril and his allies turn against the memory of Theodore of Mopsuestia and Diodore of Tarsus. Armenia moves toward Cyrillian theology and John Chrysostom returns home.

Links:
Icon of Proclus of Constantinople.

Cyril of Alexandria’s Against Diodore and Theodore

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#447 – A History of the Catholic Church – The Tome of Proclus

#435 – A History of the Catholic Church – Free Will and Monasticism

We return to the declining fortunes of the West as Emperor Honorius dies and leaves the throne in the hands of a child. Meanwhile, in North Africa, Augustine finds himself once more forced to explain his views on grace and predestination.

Links:
Painting of Saint Augustine in his study by Sandro Botticelli

Map of Praefecture of Illyricum

Letters of Augustine to Valentinus on free will and predeterminism

Augustine On Grace and Free Will

Augustine On Rebuke and Grace

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#435 – A History of the Catholic Church – Free Will and Monasticism