November 30, 2018 – 8:00 pm
The clergy of the Church had roles and responsibilities beyond the sacramental. As Augustine noted, the “bishop’s burden” included participation in civil society as well. With an increased political role came increased power and an increased opportunity for corruption.
Links:
Mosaic of the North African Bishop Quodvulteus
Geoffrey D. Dunn, “The Clerical Cursus Honorum in the Late Antique Roman Church”, Scrinium, 9, #1, 120-133.
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#469 – A History of the Catholic Church – The Ideal Bishop
November 16, 2018 – 8:00 pm
In this episode, we look at changes in the Church’s liturgical and sacramental practice in the first half of the 5th century – how the church of Rome used liturgy to promote unity and Augustine’s problem with a congregant over liturgical innovation [on Augustine’s part]. We finish with an examination of the developing understanding of Christian education.
Links:
Drawing of Changes in the clerical pallium
Augustine On the Teacher and On Christian Doctrine
Papanicolaou – The Educational Principles of St. Augustine”
Salzman, Michele Renee. “Leo’s Liturgical Topography: Contestations for Space in Fifth-Century Rome.” The Journal of Roman Studies 103 (2013): 208-32.
“Augustine on liberal education: Defender and defensive” The Heythrop Journal 51(3):377 – 387 · August 2009
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#467 – A History of the Catholic Church – Changing Rituals
September 28, 2018 – 8:00 pm
Political instability continues in the West as one emperor follows another. In the East, Emperor Leo I tries to find a way out of the controversy over Chalcedon but has problems with Timothy II of Alexandria, also known as Timothy the Cat. We finish the episode with a look at how Christians outside the Roman Empire reacted to the Christological Controversy.
Links:
Photo of bust of Emperor Leo I by Marie-Lan Nguyen.
Map of Western Empire under Emperor Majorian
Letter of Pope Leo I to Emperor Leo I opposing idea for a new council
Testimony of Pope Timothy II of Alexandria
History of Church by Evagrius Scholasticus – Chapter 9 has survey of Emperor Leo I
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#460 – A History of the Catholic Church – The Two Leos
September 21, 2018 – 8:00 pm
The growing division between the Mono/Miaphysites and the Chalcedonians causes significant problems for the Eastern Empire, especially in Palestine and Egypt. In the West, Emperor Valentinian III is assassinated and Pope Leo I tries to keep the Vandals from destroying Rome.
Links:
Painting of Genseric sacking Rome by Bryullov.
Leo I’s letter to the monks of Palestine regarding his Tome
Chart showing the various Christological theologies and key representatives of each
Ernest Honigmann. “Juvenal of Jerusalem”. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. Vol. 5 (1950). pp. 209-279.
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#459 – A History of the Catholic Church – Rome Sacked Again
September 14, 2018 – 8:00 pm
The conclusion of the Council of Chalcedon left the church divided – Rome vs. Constantinople and Chalcedonian vs. Miaphysite. These conflicts will influnce the future course of Christianity for the next three hundred years. We take a look at the Christological divisions after Chalcedon.
Links:
Painting of The Meeting between Leo the Great and Attila by Raphael.
Map of Roman Empire and Empire of the Huns in 450.
Salvian’s On the Government of God
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#458 – A History of the Catholic Church – Leo and Attila
September 7, 2018 – 8:00 pm
Chalcedon was intended to unite the Church, but – in many ways – the Church is more divided after Chalcedon than it had been before. Constantinople and Rome are divided over the place of Constantinople in the ecclesiastical hierarchy. The Church of Egypt refuses to accept the Tome of Leo and the Definition of Chalcedon.
Links:
Icon of Anatolius of Constantinople.
Canons of Chalcedon
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#457 – A History of the Catholic Church – Canon 28
August 31, 2018 – 8:59 pm
The Council of Chalcedon continues and with it continue conflicts over Christology and Roman authority. The bishops of Chalcedon put forward a new statement of faith in the hopes of unifying the Church.
Links:
Painting of the Council of Chalcedon by Andreevartstudio
The Definition of Chalcedon
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#456 – A History of the Catholic Church – The Definition of Chalcedon
August 25, 2018 – 1:05 pm
The Council of Chalcedon begins with a broadside against Pope Dioscorus of Alexandria. The Tome of Leo is accepted. Marcian and Pulcheria hope Chalcedon will be result in universal agreement, but future troubles are seen.
Links:
Painting of the Council of Chalcedon by Vasily Surikov
Extensive documentation on the Council of Chalcedon/Fourth Ecumenical Council
Leo’s Letter to Theodoret of Cyrus on the acceptance of the Tome of Leo
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#455 – A History of the Catholic Church – The Council of Chalcedon
August 17, 2018 – 10:00 pm
The Eastern Empire finds itself in political and religious turmoil after the death of Emperor Theodosius II and Pope Leo I of Rome takes the opportunity to assert himself and obtain the universal acceptance of his Tome.
Links:
Image of Emperor Marcian
Map of the Roman Empire in 450 AD
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#454 – A History of the Catholic Church – The Turning Tides
August 14, 2018 – 8:00 pm
At the Second Council of Ephesus, Pope Dioscorus of Alexandria and his One Nature Christology emerges triumphant. The Two-Nature Christology of the Antiochenes is condemned and Pope Leo I of Rome finds himself powerless to stop it.
Links:
Image of the martyrdom of Flavian of Constantinople from the “Little Pictorial Lives of the Saints” by John Gilmary Shea 1894 p. 121
Appeal of Flavian of Constantinople to Pope Leo
Letters of Leo to Theodosius II asking for new ecumenical council to overturn II Ephesus
Letter of Theodoret of Cyrus to Leo asking for his help
Letter of Galla Placidia to Theodosius II asking for new ecumenical council
Henry Chadwick, “The Exile and Death of Flavian of Constantinople: A Prologue to the Council of Chalcedon”, The Journal of Theological Studies, New Series, Vol 6, No. 1 (April 1955): 17-34.
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#453 – A History of the Catholic Church – Latrocinium
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