January 25, 2019 – 8:00 pm
The School of Nisibis and Narsai spread the Christology of Theodore of Mopsuestia throughout the Church of the East.
Links:
Mar Jacob Church in Nisibis by Gareth Hughes.
Some examples of Narsai’s Mêmrê can be found here
Adam Izdebski, “The School of Nisibis: An Ancient Religious Community?”
Frederick McLeod, “Narsai’s Dependence on Theodore of Mopsuestia”
The Christology of the Church of the East
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#477 – A History of the Catholic Church – The School of Nisibis
September 7, 2018 – 8:00 pm
Chalcedon was intended to unite the Church, but – in many ways – the Church is more divided after Chalcedon than it had been before. Constantinople and Rome are divided over the place of Constantinople in the ecclesiastical hierarchy. The Church of Egypt refuses to accept the Tome of Leo and the Definition of Chalcedon.
Links:
Icon of Anatolius of Constantinople.
Canons of Chalcedon
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#457 – A History of the Catholic Church – Canon 28
Emperor Theodosius’ plans for a peaceful discussion of theology fall apart as rival councils gather in Ephesus and level excommunications against each other. Cyril get what he wants against Nestorius, but at great cost.
Links:
Painting of Third Ecumenical Council by V. Surikov
Map of Ephesus – Church of Mary where Council of Ephesus took place is at #11
Ruins of Ephesus
Judgement against Nestorius
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#443 – A History of the Catholic Church – Cyril Triumphant
Emperor Theodosius II decides to call a council in the city of Ephesus in the hopes of making peace between Cyril of Alexandria and Nestorius of Constantinople. Sides are chosen and lines are drawn for the upcoming struggle for the faith.
Links:
Icon of Cyril of Alexandria and the Mother of God.
Pope Celestine I’s letter to the synod of Ephesus
Documents related to the history of the Council of Ephesus
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#442 – A History of the Catholic Church – Preparation for Ephesus
Nestorius finds himself condemned by synods in Rome and Alexandria, but just as things seem to be going Cyril’s way – his Twelve Anathemas drive a huge wedge into the Eastern Church
Links:
Painting of Cyril of Alexandria and the Mother of God. Photo taken by José Goncalves.
Pope Cyril of Alexandria’s Third Letter to Nestorius and the Twelve Anathemas
Pope Celestine of Rome’s letter to Nestorius
Bishop Theodoret of Cyrus’ responses to Cyril’s Anathemas
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#441 – A History of the Catholic Church – Twelve Anathemas
Cyril of Alexandria asserts his own theology of Christ in response to the arguments of Nestorius and the Christological Controversy continues to intensify.
Links:
Icon of Christ treading the beasts by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro.
Cyril of Alexandria – Scholia on the incarnation of the Only-Begotten and That Christ is One
Cyril of Alexandria’s Second Letter to Nestorius and Nestorius’ response
Raymond Brown on the importance of Christ’s humanity and divinity
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#440 – A History of the Catholic Church – Hypostatic Union
The controversy over using the term Theotokos intensifies and we examine the Christology of Nestorius in greater detail.
Links:
Icon of Jesus “Not Made By Human Hands”.
Proclus’ Homily on the Annunciation
Works by Nestorius
Additional material explaining Nestorius’ terminology and difference with Cyril of Alexandria
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#439 – A History of the Catholic Church – Prosopon of Union
After looking at the Antiochene tradition in Christology, we see how tensions between the Cyril of Alexandria and Nestorius of Constantinople heat up over the appropriateness of calling Mary the Mother of God.
Links:
Icon of Christ. The eyes are said to reflect Christ’s divinity and humanity.
On Theodore of Mopsuestia
More on Theodore of Mopsuestia’s Christology
Comparison between Alexandrine and Antiochine approaches to Christology
The Sub Tuum Praesidium hymn that makes reference to the Theotokos
Cassian’s Seven Books Against Nestorius
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#438 – A History of the Catholic Church – Christotokos
Challenges face the Church in both the Western and Eastern halves of the Empire. The Vandals invade North Africa and lay siege to Augustine’s city of Hippo. Nestorius becomes bishop of Constantinople.
Links:
Portrait of Nestorius by Romeyn de Hooghe
Apollinaris on Christology
Alexandria and Antioch
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#437 – A History of the Catholic Church – The Oncoming Storm
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