Athanasius influences the spread of monasticism in the West. Eusebius of Vercelli and Martin of Tours establish the first monasteries. The Church continues to expand its understanding of sainthood while at the same time fighting against veneration of “false martyrs”.

Links:

Statue of Martin of Tours cutting his cloak in half by Eva Kröcher

Sulpicius Severus’ Life of Saint Martin of Tours

Website of the Abbey de Ligugé – the first monastery Martin of Tours established and oldest monastery in Europe

Information and images of the now destroyed monastery of Marmoutier – in French

Information and images of Christian gold-glass

Information and images about Christian gems that were also popular relics from pilgrimages

Matheus Coutinho Figuinha, “Martin of Tours’ Monasticism and Aristocracies in Fourth-Century Gaul”, Revista Brasileira de História, v. 36, no. 71, Jan-April 2016, pp. 1-22.

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#364 – A History of the Catholic Church – Living as Levites